Inventor Tim Berners-Lee and the WWW
The internet has become an enormous network linking billions of computers worldwide. It came a long way when it began as a small operation the U.S. Department of Defense.The Internet's Early Years
The Internet came about in the early 1960s. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) was the birthplace of the Internet. That time, dial-up phone lines were used to form the basis of Internet connections. In the mid-60s, the first real wide-area connection came through when a computer at the famous Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) eventually connected with a California computer. With the inadequacy of the telephone's lines, the concept of packet switching was began, giving birth to the ARPANET in 1966.
ARPANET - Initial Name of the Internet
ARPANET was the term used for the Internet. In December 1969, it went online under a contract led by the renamed Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), initially connecting four major computers at universities in the southwestern U.S. By early 70s, many more universities and organizations joined this newly formed Internet.
The Internet was designed in part to provide a communications network that would work even if some of the sites were destroyed by nuclear attack. The early Internet was a very complex system, mainly used by computer experts, engineers, scientists, librarians, and related professionals within the academic disciplines.
TCP/IP Architecture
The Internet matured in the 1970's as a result of the TCP/IP architecture first proposed by Bob Kahn at Bolt, Beranack and Newmann and further developed by Kahn and Vint Cerf at Stanford. It was adopted by the Defense Department in 1980 and universally adopted in 1983. In 1986, the National Science Foundation funded NSFNet as a cross country 56 Kbps backbone for the Internet. They maintained their sponsorship for nearly a decade, setting rules for its non-commercial government and research uses.
Tim Berners-Lee Breakthrough
In 1989, scientists and technical experts led by Tim Berners-Lee at the European Laboratory for Particle Physics, Conseil European our la Recherche Nucleaire, more popularly known as CERN, proposed a new protocol for information distribution. This protocol became the World Wide Web in 1991, based on hypertext, a system of embedding links in text that link to other text, now commonly used. This was followed in 1993 by the development of the graphical browser Mosaic by Marc Andreessen with his team at the National Center For Supercomputing Applications.
In the early days of the Internet, various developers contributed ideas on the web development. There was concern that it would become a mess of unrelated protocols with different software platforms.
In 1994, the World Wide Web Consortium was developed by Tim Berners-Lee and Michael Dertouzos of MIT's Laboratory for Computer Sciences, in order to develop a more standardized Web, in doing so, come up with a component that are present in every browser. Since that time, commercial networks began to grow, facilitating routing communication traffic from one commercial site to another.
Today, the Internet is an enormous network connecting the world practically anywhere, not just in businesses but at our homes, as well as producing other technological effects. Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of the World Wide Web and Director of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) was dubbed a Knight Commander, Order of the British Empire (KBE) by Her Majesty, Queen Elizabeth II during an Investiture in London, 16 July 2004.
Photo Credit: Wiki Commons
No comments:
Post a Comment