Birthdays
1600 - Charles I, King of Great Britain and Ireland. He enters into a struggle against parliamentary power. and rules for 11 years without them. The Royalists and Parliamentarians fight the English Civil War, which King Charles loses.
1831 - James Abram Garfield, 20th U.S. President, serving from March 4, 1881, until his death by assassination six and a half months later. He is the only sitting member of the United States House of Representatives to be elected to the presidency.
1888 - Felix Adrian Norman Salmond, English cellist and cello teacher who achieved success in the UK and the US. His father was a baritone, and his mother was a pianist who had studied with Clara Schumann He played the cello at the premiere of Elgar's famous Cello Concerto. His other performances also included the premieres, on 21 May 1919, of Edward Elgar's String Quartet in E minor and Piano Quintet in A minor at the Wigmore Hall (formerly Bechstein Hall).
1905 - Tommy Dorsey (Thomas Francis Dorsey Jr.), American jazz trombonist, composer, conductor and bandleader of the big band era. He was known as the "Sentimental Gentleman of Swing" because of his smooth-toned trombone playing. His theme song was "I'm Getting Sentimental Over You". His technical skill on the trombone gave him renown among other musicians. He was the younger brother of bandleader Jimmy Dorsey. After Dorsey broke with his brother in the mid-1930s, he led an extremely popular and highly successful band from the late 1930s into the 1950s. He is best remembered for standards such as "Opus One", "Song of India", "Marie", "On Treasure Island", and his biggest hit single, "I'll Never Smile Again".
1917 - Indira Gandhi, Indian politician and a central figure of the Indian National Congress. She was the first and, to date, only female Prime Minister of India. Indira Gandhi was the daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru, the first prime minister of India. She served as prime minister from January 1966 to March 1977 and again from January 1980 until her assassination in October 1984, making her the second longest-serving Indian prime minister after her father. During Nehru's time as Prime Minister of India, Gandhi was considered a key assistant accompanying her father on his foreign trips. She was elected President of the Indian National Congress in 1959. Upon her father's death in 1964, she was appointed as a member of the Rajya Sabha (upper house) and became a member of Lal Bahadur Shastri's cabinet as Minister of Information and Broadcasting. She succeeded Shastri as Prime Minister of India. In 1999, Indira Gandhi was named "Woman of the Millennium" in an online poll organised by the BBC. In 2020 Gandhi was named by the Time magazine among world's 100 powerful women who defined the last century.
1921 - Géza Anda, Swiss-Hungarian pianist, a celebrated interpreter of classical and romantic repertoire, particularly noted for his performances and recordings of Mozart. He was also considered to be an interpreter of Beethoven, Schumann, Brahms and Bartók. In his heyday he was regarded as an amazing artist, possessed of a beautiful, natural and flawless technique that gave his concerts a unique quality. Most of his recordings were made on the Deutsche Grammophon label. (Anda plays Mozart / Piano Concerto No. 15 in B-flat major, K. 450. YouTube, uploaded by scrymgeour34. Accessed November 19, 2020.)
1942 - Calvin Richard Klein, American fashion designer who launched the company that would later become Calvin Klein Inc., in 1968. In addition to clothing, he has given his name to a range of perfumes, watches, and jewellery.
1954 - Kathleen Denise Quinlan, American film and television actress. She received a Best Actress Golden Globe nomination for the 1977 film I Never Promised You a Rose Garden and a Best Supporting Actress Academy Award nomination for her role in the 1995 film Apollo 13. Her other film appearances include American Graffiti, Airport '77, The Promise, The Runner Stumbles, Sunday Lovers, Sunset, Clara's Heart, The Doors, Breakdown, and Breach.
1961 - Meg Ryan (born Margaret Mary Emily Hyra), American actress and producer. She appeared in supporting roles in films during the mid 1980s like box office hit Top Gun, achieving recognition in independent films such as Promised Land before her performance in the Rob Reiner-directed romantic comedy When Harry Met Sally... brought her widespread attention and her first Golden Globe nomination. Ryan subsequently established herself, as one of the most successful actresses in the 1990s and early 2000s, particularly in romantic comedy films such as Sleepless in Seattle, French Kiss, You've Got Mail, and Kate & Leopold. Her other films include The Doors, When a Man Loves a Woman, Courage Under Fire, Addicted to Love, City of Angels, Proof of Life, and The Women. In 2015, she made her directorial debut with Ithaca, a film in which she also acted.
1962 - Jodie Foster (born Alicia Christian Foster), American actress and director. She has received two Academy Awards, three British Academy Film Awards, two Golden Globe Awards, and the Cecil B. DeMille Award. As a director, she has been nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award. Foster began her professional career as a child model when she was three years old. She made her film debut with Disney's Napoleon and Samantha. Foster's breakthrough came with Scorsese's psychological thriller Taxi Driver in which she played a child prostitute; she received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Her other roles as a teenager include the musical Bugsy Malone and the thriller The Little Girl Who Lives Down the Lane, and she became a popular teen idol by starring in Disney's Freaky Friday and Candleshoe. She gained critical acclaim into adult roles for playing a rape survivor in the legal drama The Accused, for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress. She won her second Academy Award three years later for the psychological horror The Silence of the Lambs. Foster made her debut as a film director the same year with Little Man Tate, and founded her own production company, Egg Pictures, in 1992. The company's first production was Nell, in which she also played the title role, garnering her fourth nomination for an Academy Award. Her other successful films in the 1990s were the romantic drama Sommersby, western comedy Maverick, science fiction Contact, and period drama Anna and the King. She has focused on directing in the 2010s and also starred in the films.
Leftie:
20th U.S. President James Garfield
1905 - Tommy Dorsey (Thomas Francis Dorsey Jr.), American jazz trombonist, composer, conductor and bandleader of the big band era. He was known as the "Sentimental Gentleman of Swing" because of his smooth-toned trombone playing. His theme song was "I'm Getting Sentimental Over You". His technical skill on the trombone gave him renown among other musicians. He was the younger brother of bandleader Jimmy Dorsey. After Dorsey broke with his brother in the mid-1930s, he led an extremely popular and highly successful band from the late 1930s into the 1950s. He is best remembered for standards such as "Opus One", "Song of India", "Marie", "On Treasure Island", and his biggest hit single, "I'll Never Smile Again".
1917 - Indira Gandhi, Indian politician and a central figure of the Indian National Congress. She was the first and, to date, only female Prime Minister of India. Indira Gandhi was the daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru, the first prime minister of India. She served as prime minister from January 1966 to March 1977 and again from January 1980 until her assassination in October 1984, making her the second longest-serving Indian prime minister after her father. During Nehru's time as Prime Minister of India, Gandhi was considered a key assistant accompanying her father on his foreign trips. She was elected President of the Indian National Congress in 1959. Upon her father's death in 1964, she was appointed as a member of the Rajya Sabha (upper house) and became a member of Lal Bahadur Shastri's cabinet as Minister of Information and Broadcasting. She succeeded Shastri as Prime Minister of India. In 1999, Indira Gandhi was named "Woman of the Millennium" in an online poll organised by the BBC. In 2020 Gandhi was named by the Time magazine among world's 100 powerful women who defined the last century.
1921 - Géza Anda, Swiss-Hungarian pianist, a celebrated interpreter of classical and romantic repertoire, particularly noted for his performances and recordings of Mozart. He was also considered to be an interpreter of Beethoven, Schumann, Brahms and Bartók. In his heyday he was regarded as an amazing artist, possessed of a beautiful, natural and flawless technique that gave his concerts a unique quality. Most of his recordings were made on the Deutsche Grammophon label. (Anda plays Mozart / Piano Concerto No. 15 in B-flat major, K. 450. YouTube, uploaded by scrymgeour34. Accessed November 19, 2020.)
1942 - Calvin Richard Klein, American fashion designer who launched the company that would later become Calvin Klein Inc., in 1968. In addition to clothing, he has given his name to a range of perfumes, watches, and jewellery.
1954 - Kathleen Denise Quinlan, American film and television actress. She received a Best Actress Golden Globe nomination for the 1977 film I Never Promised You a Rose Garden and a Best Supporting Actress Academy Award nomination for her role in the 1995 film Apollo 13. Her other film appearances include American Graffiti, Airport '77, The Promise, The Runner Stumbles, Sunday Lovers, Sunset, Clara's Heart, The Doors, Breakdown, and Breach.
1961 - Meg Ryan (born Margaret Mary Emily Hyra), American actress and producer. She appeared in supporting roles in films during the mid 1980s like box office hit Top Gun, achieving recognition in independent films such as Promised Land before her performance in the Rob Reiner-directed romantic comedy When Harry Met Sally... brought her widespread attention and her first Golden Globe nomination. Ryan subsequently established herself, as one of the most successful actresses in the 1990s and early 2000s, particularly in romantic comedy films such as Sleepless in Seattle, French Kiss, You've Got Mail, and Kate & Leopold. Her other films include The Doors, When a Man Loves a Woman, Courage Under Fire, Addicted to Love, City of Angels, Proof of Life, and The Women. In 2015, she made her directorial debut with Ithaca, a film in which she also acted.
1962 - Jodie Foster (born Alicia Christian Foster), American actress and director. She has received two Academy Awards, three British Academy Film Awards, two Golden Globe Awards, and the Cecil B. DeMille Award. As a director, she has been nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award. Foster began her professional career as a child model when she was three years old. She made her film debut with Disney's Napoleon and Samantha. Foster's breakthrough came with Scorsese's psychological thriller Taxi Driver in which she played a child prostitute; she received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Her other roles as a teenager include the musical Bugsy Malone and the thriller The Little Girl Who Lives Down the Lane, and she became a popular teen idol by starring in Disney's Freaky Friday and Candleshoe. She gained critical acclaim into adult roles for playing a rape survivor in the legal drama The Accused, for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress. She won her second Academy Award three years later for the psychological horror The Silence of the Lambs. Foster made her debut as a film director the same year with Little Man Tate, and founded her own production company, Egg Pictures, in 1992. The company's first production was Nell, in which she also played the title role, garnering her fourth nomination for an Academy Award. Her other successful films in the 1990s were the romantic drama Sommersby, western comedy Maverick, science fiction Contact, and period drama Anna and the King. She has focused on directing in the 2010s and also starred in the films.
Leftie:
20th U.S. President James Garfield
More birthdays and historical events, November 19 - On This Day
Feature:
Zoltan Kodaly's Psalmus Hungaricus, Op. 13. Kertész conducting the London Symphony Orchestra; Kosma, Brighton Festival Chorus. (For those of us who don't understand Hungarian text, translation below. Glorious music. Beautiful.)
"Mikoron Dávid nagy búsultában, [When as King David sore was afflicted,]
Baráti miatt volna bánatban, [By those he trusted basely deserted,]
Panaszolkodván nagy haragjában [In his great anger bitterly grieving]
Ilyen könyörgést kezde ı magában: [Thus to Jehovah pray'd he within his heart.]
Istenem Uram, kérlek tégedet, [God of my fathers, bow Thine ear to me,]
Fordítsad reám szent szemeidet, [Turn not away the light of Thy countenance,]
Nagy szükségemben ne hagyj engemet [Leave me not lonely in my misery,]
Mert megemészti nagy bánat szívemet. [Sore is my heart and sorrow o'erwhelmeth me.]"
1850 - Alfred Lord Tennyson, English poet, becomes Poet Laureate, an office he holds until his death in 1892.
1863 - U.S. President Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address when dedicating a national military cemetery at the Gettysburg battlefield in Pennsylvania. It begins with the famous: "Four score and seven years ago, our father brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal." Notable orator Edward Everett spoke before the president for two hours. Lincoln spoke for two minutes.
"Mikoron Dávid nagy búsultában, [When as King David sore was afflicted,]
Baráti miatt volna bánatban, [By those he trusted basely deserted,]
Panaszolkodván nagy haragjában [In his great anger bitterly grieving]
Ilyen könyörgést kezde ı magában: [Thus to Jehovah pray'd he within his heart.]
Istenem Uram, kérlek tégedet, [God of my fathers, bow Thine ear to me,]
Fordítsad reám szent szemeidet, [Turn not away the light of Thy countenance,]
Nagy szükségemben ne hagyj engemet [Leave me not lonely in my misery,]
Mert megemészti nagy bánat szívemet. [Sore is my heart and sorrow o'erwhelmeth me.]"
Historical Events
1850 - Alfred Lord Tennyson, English poet, becomes Poet Laureate, an office he holds until his death in 1892.
1863 - U.S. President Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address when dedicating a national military cemetery at the Gettysburg battlefield in Pennsylvania. It begins with the famous: "Four score and seven years ago, our father brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal." Notable orator Edward Everett spoke before the president for two hours. Lincoln spoke for two minutes.
1875 - Piotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's Symphony No. 3 "Polish", is first performed, in Moscow.
1923 - Zoltan Kodaly's Psalmus Hungaricus (based on Psalm 55) for tenor solo, chorus, and orchestra, is first performed, in Budapest.
1969 - Soccer legend Pelé scores his 1,000th goal in a professional football match. Edson Arantes de Nascimento, simply known as "Pelé," was discovered at the age of 11 when Waldemar de Brito, a former Brazil World Cup team member, invited him to play for his new team.
Video Credit:
Zoltan Kodaly: Psalmus Hungaricus, Op. 13. Youtube, uploaded by Rique Borges. Accessed November 19, 2017.
Resources:
1. Asiado, Tel. The World's Movers and Shapers. New Hampshire: Ore Mountain Publishing House (2005)
2. Britannica. www.britannica.com
3. Chambers Biographical Dictionary, 19th Ed. London: Chambers Harrap, 2011
4. Dateline. Sydney: Millennium House, (2006)
5. Grun, Bernard. The Timetables of History, New 3rd Revised Ed. Simon & Schuster/Touchstone (1991)
6. Wikipedia. en.wikipedia.org
(c) June 2007. Updated November 19, 2023. Tel. Inspired Pen Web. All rights reserved.
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